Why do comets have jets?

Why do comets have jets?

We are used to comets having long tails but recent investigations show us that comets give off fine jets, but why?

The Old Picture of Comets

We tend to think of comets as snowballs in the sky with long tails.

Space Stars Comet Astronomy - Buddy_Nath / Pixabay

Buddy_Nath / Pixabay

 

Ancient people used to think that they were signifiers of doom.

But it’s only in recent years that we have been able to study them in more detail because the European Space Agency has sent probes to various comets.

New Surprises

And what they found was a big surprise.
Instead of just one long tail as the comet nears the sun, comets actually give off jets of vapour and dust including water vapour.

 

Why do comets have jets?

ESA/Rosetta/NAVCAM – CC BY-SA IGO 3.0

These can also be accompanied by an increase in brightness.

The video above contains another image of a comet with jets spinning through space.

Too much power

At first, people thought that these plumes must be caused by the sun which heats up ice and gases beneath the surface.

But these plumes erupt with so much power that there must be another energy source involved.

 

Black holes and comets

Of course from the perspective of The Black Hole Principle, we would expect comets to give off jets intermittently including water vapour.

 

bipolar jet black hole

 

That’s because the same process is happening at different scales from a galactic black hole to even a comet.

Just as black holes give off intermittent jets, so do comets.

I hope you have enjoyed this episode of Punk Science TV.

Please leave a comment below with your thoughts about comets, jets and black holes. 

 

Mystery Neutrinos, Antarctica and Parallel dimensions

Mystery Neutrinos, Antarctica and Parallel dimensions

Have scientists found evidence of a parallel dimension in Antarctica? Recently a story went viral that scientists had found evidence of a parallel dimension in which time travels backwards.

So this is what we are looking at today on Punk Science TV: Mystery Neutrinos, Antarctica and Parallel dimensions

Code-named ANITA

NASA has an instrument – a high -altitude helium balloon fitted with Radio antennas. It’s a called ANITA and it’s designed to pick up the signature of the interaction of cosmic rays from space with the Earth.

And by 2016 two incidents of high energy cosmic rays were found but they were coming up from the Earth not down from space.

ANITA Helium balloon

ANITA Helium balloon and instruments before deployment. Image: NASA Wiki commons

The Mystery Neutrinos

I am not a physicist but this is what I understand – there are many different types of particles including ones called neutrinos. There are some which interact very weakly. But the ones detected by ANITA in Antarctica are high energy neutrinos that actually have a wider cross-section so do bump into things.

This is why people are puzzled by what happened because for these particles to be detected by ANITA as coming out of the Earth, they would have to come down from space then back up from the Earth again.

And the physicists think that for these particles that would be impossible as they could not have made their way through the Earth through all that rock. That’s why this is such a big deal as it defies what we know about physics.

A radical solution

Neil Turok of The Perimeter Institute was reported by New Scientist as putting forward a radical solution. The particles coming up from the Earth are actually from a parallel dimension where time runs backwards. So in this model, the particles are really coming from space but we are seeing them coming up from the Earth as it is all running backwards.

That report in the media went viral.

What’s really happening?

But is there another explanation? I noticed that these types of particles have been detected before but that time they were traced to be coming from a black hole in the centre of a galaxy one that also sometimes gives off jets at the speed of light and gamma rays.

Mystery Neutrinos, Antarctica and Parallel dimensions

Image of Blazar – the source of high-energy neutrinos in space. Wiki commons

 

Hmm! So The Black Hole Principle says that every single aspect of the universe behaves in the same way only at different scales – from supermassive black holes to stars and even the Earth. So the centre of our planet should be capable of producing particles in a similar way to a galactic black hole.

Black Hole Principle

The Black Hole Principle

I even made a previous video about this some years ago. So according to the Black Hole Principle we expect cosmic rays to come from the Earth as at the centre of the Earth is a mini black hole dynamo doing much the same things as larger ones just smaller.

Problem solved!

Hope you enjoyed this episode of Punk Science TV. For more decoding of the universe follow and subscribe. ‘Till next time, thanks for watching.

 

Do black holes burp?

Do black holes burp?

Conventional Scientists believe that black holes burp on their food! In this episode of Punk Science TV, we explore this concept.

A Ridiculous idea

Scientists tend to think of people like myself as spouting a load of New Age spiritual nonsense. In some cases such as when the word ‘ quantum’ is bandied about amongst healers with no real mind to its actual context in physics, these accusations may have a case.

However, there are times, when mainstream scientists are the ones who come across as ridiculous. So in this example, we are discussing the concept of burping black holes.

The wrong monster

As you may know, the prevailing concept amongst mainstream scientists is that black holes are these great devouring monsters that tear apart stars and anything else that comes too close.

However, once the actual evidence began appearing, it became clear that black holes are visible because they are so bright and that also give off a lot of energy and material.

old picture of black holes

Old Picture of Black Holes, Shutterstock

Burp after the feast

Unable to give up their long-cherished notions that black holes are destructive monsters, these jets that are being emitted from black holes are then turned into ‘burps’.

The idea is that the black hole has feasted and then burps on its food.

This is lazy science.

The Projection game

Rather than realise that their concepts and theories do not match the evidence, they invent ‘burping’ black holes. Human characteristics are being projected onto objects in space as a way of coping with behaviour we don’t understand.

We understand that humans sometimes burp after eating a big meal so we have projected that onto black holes in order to avoid the thorny issue that, according to their own theories, nothing should escape a black hole.

Jets are predicted by The Black Hole Principle

Intermittent jets streaming from black holes are exactly what we would expect in The Black Hole Principle which says that black holes are creative.

We do not need to project any nonsensical ideas onto black holes if we understand that they are just a natural part of the universe unfolding.

Black Holes produce jets at the speed of light

 

Stars are shooting out water

Stars are shooting out water

Bizarre though it seems, stars are shooting out water. We take a look at the link with The Black Hole Principle.

This is a topic that I think should be discussed more often; water is ejected from stars in space that are extremely hot. It sounds like science fiction but it is true.

Water has been detected coming from stars including our own sun.

Young star ejects water bullets

There is an example of a young star 750 light-years from Earth which is ejecting water jets from its poles at a speed of about 124,000 miles per hour. ESA’s Herschel Space Observatory, which spotted this, seems to have detected water in liquid form before it vapourised. Then it became liquid again once it had travelled far from the star.

Is it raining on the sun?

Closer to home we have also seen water vapour being emitted from sunspots as early as the 1990s. It isn’t just young and middle-aged stars that have been spotted ejecting water. We have also seen it coming from brown dwarves too.

Stars are shooting out water

So what is happening?

Predicted by The Black Hole Principle

These findings, which mainstream scientists don’t often discuss, makes total sense in The Black Hole Principle. According to the theory, we see water ejected in jets at every level of the universe. We do indeed have evidence for this. We have witnessed water coming from supermassive black holes in galaxies as well as in thunderstorms (as rain) and geysers here on Earth. It is the same pattern. That’s why both supermassive black holes and our weather systems eject antimatter and gamma rays. 

So we would expect stars to be ejecting water. In fact, this is possibly the only scientific theory in the world which expected to see water from stars.

And why from poles and sunspots? Because in the Black Hole Principle the bipolar jet configuration of ejection is quite common. As for sunspots – the sun is in a fractal pattern of black holes. Sunspots are smaller black holes on the larger black hole central to the sun.

bipolar jet black hole

Insights into the theory

These findings also give us some insight into the mechanism of the Black Hole Principle itself. The paper that said that water is found in liquid form near the gas jets from the stars could give us some clue if water is being ejected by The Black Hole Principle fully formed as a molecule. It would suggest it could be.

The concept that stars emit water doesn’t fit the pattern of mainstream science though which is why I think that these findings are not discussed very much if at all.

Is the whole universe conscious?

Is the whole universe conscious?

A New Scientist article, published in May 2020 suggests that the whole universe may be Conscious.

The Hard Problem

Science still doesn’t understand how we can experience..anything!

It is sometimes called the hard problem of consciousness – how all these neurons and chemicals in our brain give rise to our inner experiences.

Now some Mathematicians think they have made a breakthrough.

We will be discussing the New Scientist article on this subject in this episode of Punk Science TV.

I’ve got IIT

This new, mathematical theory of consciousness is called Integrated Information theory or IIT.

It says that a system’s consciousness arises from the way information moves between subsystems.

You can see neurons as islands of subsystems.

Is the Whole Universe Conscious?

According to this theory, consciousness appears when the information flow between these subsystems is complex enough to make the islands interdependent.

Changing the flow of information on one island affects all the others.

How well a system integrates information is given a value called phi.

The higher the phi the more consciousness a system will display.

An example of a situation in which this theory works well is when contrasting the cerebrum and cerebellum. Cerebral damage affects our consciousness more because it has a lot of connections – so its phi value is high.

Brain Diagram Medical Biology - Clker-Free-Vector-Images / Pixabay

Pixabay

The Cerebellum isn’t so well connected, so damage doesn’t have as much effect on the conscious experience.

Problems

The theory has its drawbacks too.

  1. A major one is that the value of phi actually can increase in our sleep.
  2. It also still doesn’t explain our inner experiences, how does this theory explain our experience of the smell of coffee for example.
  3. Some inanimate systems have more consciousness than humans.

Is the Whole Universe Conscious?

Usually, the concept of inanimate objects or even the whole universe having the property of consciousness is just dismissed but, in this article, they discuss that particles may have some sort of consciousness that is fundamental and human and animal consciousness emerges from this.

The Conscious Atom

The article goes onto consider whether even electrons are conscious and how this may explain the measurement problem in physics – how the wave function collapses with our measurement or observation.

So the idea that everything might be conscious and there is something fundamental about consciousness is being discussed in mainstream science.

Is the Whole Universe Conscious?

This idea forms the basis of The Black Hole Principle – it is the reason why we can’t see light beyond light speed – because it is beyond our normal perception. Consciousness is written into the fabric of reality.

It’s good to see mainstream scientists also discuss these issues.

 

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